Oldie and Goodie: Concept of "To Molt or not to Molt" As a Choice

 

Over my 42 years of raising English Angora, I have been asked about the concept of molting so many times that I cannot count. In the 1980s there was no concept about whether molting is a choice because most considered molting as a natural process for animals to shed their old fur so that the new fur will grow out.   This process could be beneficial for many type of animals, but also it could be detrimental to some type of animals.   At the time when I started, there were only two breeds of Angoras: English Angora and French Angora.   Both breeds molt.   The chosen method of harvesting wool was to "pluck" the wool.  Plucking means pulling the wool off the rabbit's skin.   When molting set in, pulling the wool was quite easy as the skin release the wool.   This releasing mechanism could cause havocs to showing and the health of the rabbits.   Why?   

I wrote the following article for the American Fuzzy Lop national club newsletter in 2012.  Molting or not molting was not a concept discussed or concerned by the AFL breeders, still today probably it's not an important consideration.   It is understandable as wool is only 15 points out of 100 in the AFL standard.   For Angoras, wool is over 50 points (English 57, French 55, Giant 55, Satin 60) out of 100.  Having wool on the rabbit is vital for competition.   Here I am reposting this article to share.  If you wish to read it in the earlier post with some comments, here it is:

 Northern California Angora Guild: To Molt or Not To Molt (ncag.blogspot.com)

In the article I discussed how I discovered the concept of non-molting or at least less-molting being a choice by the breeders to improve the showing, the cleanliness and the health of the rabbits.

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My English Angora are known to be able to keep a prime show coat for a long period of time.   I've had rabbits, especially does, stayed in shows for more than a year.  The longest record was 15 months with the doe started showing at 3 months old and cut down at 18 months old.     Such was unimaginable in the 1980s when I started raising English Angora.  All Angoras, English Angora and French Angora, molted every few months, some even molt constantly with bald spots on various parts of their bodies.   Woolblock was the regular killer of Angora rabbits.  (English Angora and French Angora were the two accepted breeds of Angoras then).  

 

As most of our readers know that my foundation rabbit was a fawn doe named Bubbling Champagne (where the BC ear numbers come from) bred by judge Bobbie Meyer.    In 1984 Bubbling Champagne gave birth to a buck and a doe that I named Chu's Sexy Henry and Chu's Christina.   Sexy Henry did not turn out to be "sexy", never sired a litter.   Christina turned out to be a game changer for me and for the breed of English Angora. 

In 2012, the American Fuzzy Lop national club newsletter editor asked me to guest write an article.   I recounted my experience of creating the "non-molting" English Angora.  

In the following, you will see three old photos taken of Christina in 1984 when she was about 5 months old and the article that I wrote for the American Fuzzy Lop national newsletter.  

(Published in the American Fuzzy Lop Rabbit Club newsletter "Fuzzy Tales", 2012)
 

To Molt or Not To Molt
 

  

Betty Chu

englishangora88@yahoo.com

  

"My buck looked gorgeous last week when I entered him, look at him now, what a mess!"
 

"I am scratching my doe, she blew her coat."
 

"There is a big bald spot here; I don't remember seeing it when I entered it."
 

These are some of discussions that we often heard in shows.
 

A "mess" of coat, "blew her coat", "bald spot" are all symptoms of molting. Most consider molting as a natural process of animals who shed their old coat to gain a new coat. I am using the word "coat" to represent either wool or normal fur on the rabbit. Molting may be a natural process, but we as rabbit breeders can gradually change the way rabbits molt in order:
 

(a) to have a more predictable time line for a prime coat,

(b) to have a more durable prime coat,

(c) to improve the health of the rabbits, and

(d) to improve the cleanliness of the rabbit barn.
 

As most of you know, I am an English Angora breeder, not a breeder of American Fuzzy Lops. I have been asked to be a guest writer to share my journey of improving the English Angora breed and to provide some ideas that you might be able to use in your breeding of American Fuzzy Lop.
 

When I started in early 1980s, the prime show coat of the English Angora was about 3-4 inches; after that, rabbits would lose wool and would mat. I would use a slicker brush and a comb to work on the coat and prayed that the coat would still be around when the next show came (the blower was not a tool until 1989). When the coat was no longer viable for showing, I would pull the wool from the rabbit and the skin released the wool easily. Pulling wool, or plucking, was the standard practice for harvesting wool for almost all Angora owners at the time. In 1984 (see footnote), a chocolate tort doe was born in a colored litter, I named her Chu's Christina. She grew into a beautiful doe and won 5 legs. When the wool harvest time came, I had a hard time plucking her. The concept in the 80s was that only plucked wool was good for spinning, I spent hours trying to get her wool off and it would take several days to make it work. Most of my fellow breeders thought I had a weird rabbit. Then I found out that she was pluckable after she kindled, obviously from the change of hormone to allow her to make a nest for her babies. I bred her often to get babies with the side benefit of plucking her wool off when it's the right time to harvest. She produced very nice babies. The babies became nice show rabbits and some had the same hard-to-pluck characteristics as their mom. One day it dawned on me that I did not just have a weird rabbit, I had a great rabbit that molted very little and that some of her bunnies molted very little. After that light bulb moment, I paid attention to the duration of each rabbit and pushed for a little more duration of coat-holding in the subsequent generations.
 

With the aid of a blower and regular use of Ivemoc to prevent fur mites, my rabbits can hold their show coats for 12-18 months if I keep up with my maintenance.
 

OK, some of you at this time may say, "You are lucky to have encountered such a rabbit like Chu's Christina, others just don't have your luck." May be that's the case, but its more likely that there are many of these non-molting or less-molting rabbits around but breeders are not realizing that this can be an important trait for the herd.
 

Why is non-molting or less-molting good for you and your rabbits?
 

(a) If a rabbit has a more durable prime coat, a breeder would not have to breed more to cover shows. In 30+ years, I have never seen a rabbit breeder gone out of business due to his inability to have bunnies; I have seen many rabbit breeders gone out of business because they had too many rabbits and got overwhelmed. The human suffered and the rabbits suffered.
 

(b) If a rabbit has a more durable prime coat, it's easier to breed for certain important shows such as the breed national and the ARBA Convention. The window period for breeding could be several months instead of several weeks.
 

(c) If the rabbit molts less, there is less chance for the rabbit to ingest its own wool or fur, thus less chance of having woolblock/hairball/stasis. In the 80s, I had my share of dealing with woolblock; I had spent hundreds and thousands of dollars to have surgery done on blocked rabbits but still suffered losses. I wrote an article about how to prevent woolblock by various methods, and this article is still posted on my website. Today I don't follow my own advice anymore. Why? My rabbits no longer block, the entire woolblock issue has been bred out by having non-molting rabbits! When people ask me how to deal with woolblock, my answer is I don't deal with it because I don't see any.
 

(d) When a rabbit molts, the wool or the hair flies everywhere. Some would wrap around the cage wires. You can not get it out by brushing or picking; the only way to go seems to be blow torching. If you have non-molting or less molting rabbits, you will have less wool on the cage, on the floor, in the air, ... you will have a cleaner rabbitry.
 

Now the question is how to get to the less-molting stage. The simple answer is selective breeding. You start with rabbits that molt relatively less than the others; if your "normal" molting occurs every three months in your herd, you want to push for 3-1/2 months or 4 months molt in the next generation, etc. It'll take time and patience, but you will get there.
 

At this point some of you may be thinking, "Well, having good wool is nice but wool is only 15 points on the American Fuzzy Lop, the head is 30 and the body is 30, wouldn't a breeder be breeding for that 60 points instead of the 15 points?"
 

Before answering, I'd like to say that in the English Angora standard, the wool is 57 points and the body 15 points. Guess what? That 15 points of body is the base for the entire rabbit. Even if the rabbit had a tremendous amount of wool, without the right body, the English Angora rabbit may do well in the breed but would not have a chance on the Best In Show table.
 

Now back to American Fuzzy Lop, if the rabbit has a great head and great body but has bald spots and uneven wool, or the wool is all matted, it could win within the breed but I doubt there would be any chance for that American Fuzzy Lop to do well on the Best In Show table.
 

The goal is to achieve symmetry; the rabbit has to be balanced. I would not advise one to breed an American Fuzzy Lop with a long face and rangy body but great wool because it's not balanced. All I am suggesting is to consciously put non-molting/less-molting as a part of the goals in your breeding program.
 

To molt or not to molt is a choice.
 

(Betty's Footnote: In the original publication in "Fuzzy Tales", the year given was 1985.   When looking at Christina's old photos, the back of the print date shows 1984 thus the correction.)